努

JLPT N3

endeavor

Readings

On’yomi: ド (do)

Kun’yomi: つと(める) (tsuto(meru))

• つと(める) – to strive, to make an effort

Structure

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Detailed Explanation

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Mnemonic

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Etymology

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Visual Tip

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Vocabulary

努力

どりょく

effort

努める

つとめる

endeavor

努力家

どりょくか

hard worker

努力不足

どりょくぶそく

lack of effort

努力目標

どりょくもくひょう

effort goal

Example Sentences

努力します。

どりょくします。

I make an effort.

仕事に努めます。

しごとにつとめます。

I endeavor at work.

努力家です。

どりょくかです。

He is hardworking.

努力不足です。

どりょくぶそくです。

It is lack of effort.

努力目標です。

どりょくもくひょうです。

It is an effort goal.

Cultural Note

The concept of 努力 (どりょく / effort) is deeply valued in Japanese culture. It reflects perseverance and continuous self-improvement — a core part of the Japanese work ethic and school life, often expressed as 「努力は報われる」(Effort will be rewarded).