JLPT N4

Substitute, generation, cost

Readings

On’yomi: ダイ (dai)
Kun’yomi: か(わる), か(える) (ka(waru), ka(eru))
• か.わる (kawaru) – to replace, to take the place of • か.える (kaeru) – to substitute, to exchange • しろ (shiro) – price, fee, value

Vocabulary

時代
じだい
era
代わる
かわる
replace
代金
だいきん
fee
代表
だいひょう
representative
近代
きんだい
modern age

Example Sentences

新しい時代です。
あたらしい じだい です。
It is a new era.
私が代わります。
わたし が かわります。
I will replace (you).

Cultural Note

👘 The kanji 代 beautifully represents continuity between generations — a key value in Japanese culture.
In traditional businesses or crafts, people proudly refer to themselves as:
• 二代目 (にだいめ) – second-generation head
• 三代目 (さんだいめ) – third-generation successor
This shows respect for heritage and responsibility to carry on family legacy.
In daily life, 代 also expresses fair exchange — paying your 電気代 (electricity bill) or タクシー代 (taxi fare) — reflecting Japan’s cultural emphasis on honesty, balance, and mutual obligation.